Low Testosterone and Your Health
Researchers have published many studies on the topic of how low testosterone is related to men's overall health;  Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and high blood pressure have all been linked to testosterone deficiency.  Low testosterone isn't known to cause these health problems, and replacing testosterone isn't the cure.  Still, the associations between low testosterone and other medical conditions are interesting and worth a look.

Does Low Testosterone Indicate Poor Health?
In recent years, researchers have noticed general links between low testosterone and other medical conditions.  One showed that in 2,100 men over age 45, the odds of having low testosterone were:

• 2.4 times higher for obese men
• 2.1 times higher for men with diabetes
• 1.8 times higher for men with high blood pressure

Experts don't suggest that low testosterone causes these conditions.  In fact, it might be the other way around.  That is, men with medical problems or who are in poor general health might then develop low testosterone.  Research into the relationship between low testosterone and several other health conditions is ongoing.

Diabetes and Low Testosterone
A link between diabetes and low testosterone is well established.  Men with diabetes are more likely to have low testosterone; and men with low testosterone are more likely to later develop diabetes.  Testosterone helps the body's tissues take up more blood sugar in response to insulin.  Men with low testosterone more often have insulin resistance: they need to produce more insulin to keep blood sugar normal.  As many as half of men with diabetes have low testosterone, when randomly tested. Scientists aren't sure whether diabetes causes low testosterone, or the other way around. More research is needed, but short-term studies show testosterone replacement may improve blood sugar levels and obesity in men with low testosterone.

Obesity and Low Testosterone
Obesity and low testosterone are tightly linked.  Obese men are more likely to have low testosterone.  Men with very low testosterone are also more likely to become obese.  Fat cells metabolize testosterone to estrogen, lowering testosterone levels. Also, obesity reduces levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a protein that carries testosterone in the blood. Less SHBG means less testosterone.

Metabolic Syndrome and Low Testosterone
Metabolic syndrome is the name for a condition that includes the presence of abnormal cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, waistline obesity, and high blood sugar. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk for heart attacks and strokes.  Studies show that men with low testosterone are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome.  In short-term studies, testosterone replacement improved blood sugar levels and obesity in men with low testosterone. The long-range benefits and risks are still unknown.

Testosterone and Heart Disease
Testosterone has mixed effects on the arteries.  Some experts believe testosterone contributes to the higher rates of heart disease and high blood pressure that tend to affect men at younger ages.  By this reasoning, high testosterone might be bad for the heart. --But testosterone deficiency is connected to insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes. Each of these problems increases cardiovascular risk. Men with diabetes and low testosterone also have higher rates of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.

A certain amount of testosterone may be necessary for healthy arteries because it's converted into estrogen, which protects arteries from damage.  As yet, no studies show that testosterone replacement protects the heart or prevents heart attacks.


Testosterone and Other Conditions
Low testosterone often exists with other medical conditions: 
 

• Depression: In a study of almost 4,000 men older than 70, those with the lowest testosterone levels were more than twice as likely to be depressed. This link remained even after allowing for age, general health, obesity, and other variables.
• Erectile dysfunction (ED): Problems with erections are one of the most common symptoms of low testosterone. Most ED is caused by atherosclerosis. Men with risk factors for atherosclerosis -- diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or obesity -- often have low testosterone, too.
• High blood pressure: The effects of testosterone on blood pressure are many and complex. Men with high blood pressure may be almost twice as likely to have low testosterone as men with normal blood pressure.